Back to Table of Contents
42148-B6
Experimental and Computational Studies of Substituted Benzene Solvation Clusters
David C. Easter, Texas State University - San Marcos
����������� 1.� Monte Carlo simulated annealing strategies,
carried out on four different potential energy surfaces, were applied to
benzene-cyclohexane clusters, BCn, n = 3-7, 12 to
identify low-energy isomers and to trace the evolution of structures as a
function of cluster size.� Initial structures were first heated to ensure
randomization and subsequent annealing yields optimized rigid, low-energy
clusters.� Five major structural isomers are identified for BC3:�
one assumes the form of a symmetric, modified sandwich; the remaining four lack
general symmetry, assuming distorted tetrahedral arrangements.� For BC4
and larger clusters, the number of low-temperature isomers is large.� It is,
nevertheless, feasible to classify isomers into Groups based on structural similarities.�
The evolution of BCn structures as a function of cluster size is
observed to follow one of two primary paths:� the first maximizes
benzene-cyclohexane interactions and places benzene in or near the BCn
cluster center; the competing path maximizes cyclohexane-cyclohexane
interactions and distances benzene from the cluster's center of mass.� Results
for BC3 and BC4, analyzed with reference to experimental
results and models previously applied to interpret benzene-argon cluster
spectra, suggest that the additivity model will need to be modified and extended
to account for nonpolar solutes that are neither compact nor spherical.
����������� 2.� Neat fluorobenzene, (H6H5F)n,
and mixed fluorobenzene-benzene, (C6H6)m(C6H5F)n,
clusters were examined via resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) spectroscopy
through fluorobenzene's B2 ← A1 000
transition.� The fluorobenzene molecule's R2PI spectrum was analyzed� with
reference to an MP2/6-31+(2d,p) ground state frequency calculation.� The ultraviolet
cluster spectra contain no unique sharp features, indicating the presence of
many isomers for all cluster sizes.� Ongoing analysis focuses on determining
the cluster size evolution of three broader features ubiquitous through the
spectra.� These features may hold the key to assigning structural types and the
evolution of their relative populations as a function of size.
����������� 3.� Carbon, hydrogen, and 2D NMR
spectra were obtained for the 1,2,3 � alternate dibenzyl bis-teo (alt)
and the cone � dibenzyl bis-teo (cone) calixarene structures.� Although
many of the NMR peaks had been previously assigned, some such assignments remained
ambiguous.� Theoretical NMR shifts and Mulliken charges were calculated via
Gaussian 03W software.� Optimized structures, charge distributions, and ground
state energies were calculated using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method/basis set.�
Proton and carbon NMR spectra were calculated based on optimized structures,
using the HF/6-31G(d) method/basis set.� Calculations were carried out for both
isomers, first in the gas phase�with and without imposed symmetry, and �then in
solution with a chloroform solvent.� Results indicate that imposed symmetry
leads to higher optimized energies:� thus, the molecules prefer forms slightly
distorted from high symmetry structures.� In contrast, imposed symmetry does
not noticeably affect predicted NMR shifts:� shifts of non-symmetrized
forms�averaged over positional-equivalent atoms�do not differ systematically
from corresponding shifts calculated for fully symmetrized forms.� Analysis is
underway to correlate Mulliken charges to steric compression, as observed in
the NMR data.
Back to top