Reports: B8
43907-B8 Refining the Ordovician Time Scale: An Integrated Biostratigraphic Approach
Our work progressed in two principal areas during the past year. The results are listed below:
1) Bedding plane co-occurrence of graptolites and conodonts in Ordovician dark shale sequences:
Bedding
plane co-occurrence of biostratigraphically useful conodonts and graptolites in Ordovician shale sequences
enhances the overall correlation precision between platform and deep water
successions. Darriwilian shale successions in Tarim, western China, and Alabama and Idaho in North
America contain the key conodont zonal indicator
species Pygodus anitae,
P. serra, and P. anserinus
(as well as more long-ranging taxa) on bedding planes
with Pterograptus elegans
to Nemagraptus gracilis
Zone graptolites. Three of the Pygodus
bedding plane associations appear to be partial conodont
apparatuses. The occurrence of bedding plane conodonts
with graptolites across the Sandbian-Katian boundary
at Black Knob Ridge ( New collections across the Sandbian-Katian succession at the Hartfell
Score section near 2) High-resolution stratigraphic
correlation and Biodiversity Dynamics in Middle and Late Ordovician Marine
Fossils From Baltoscandia:
During
the early Late Ordovician there was a significant decline in marine
biodiversity that has been variously attributed to sea level, facies, and climatic changes. In the East Baltic area
several workers have described such a marked diversity decline and faunal
turnover in microfossils at the Keila -Oandu Stage boundary, an event called the Oandu Crisis. To get a better understanding of microfossil
diversity dynamics in the Baltoscandian Middle and
Upper Ordovician succession we used constrained optimization (CONOP9) to
construct a composite range chart from the stratigraphic
data of 505 chitinozoan, conodont,
ostracod, and graptolite species from 20 boreholes
and 8 outcrops. We employed the CONOP composite as a timescale in which to
calculate biodiversity, extinction, and origination rates through the Middle
and Late Ordovician. Traditional
biodiversity metrics, and more recent probabilistic methods based on
capture-mark-recapture analysis, were used to estimate biodiversity and fossil
recovery patterns. We divided the CONOP composite into 860 Kyr
intervals spanning the Lasnamägi through Porkuni stages. Our data show that overall biodiversity
increased steadily from the beginning of the Keila to
the middle Rakvere stages, mainly due to an increase
in ostracod diversity. Chitinozoan
diversity reached a zenith in the late Keila, dropped
through the Oandu Stage, and then gradually declined
during the rest of the Ordovician. Chitinozoans
exhibited constant origination but variable extinction rates and underwent a
dramatic diversity decline associated with the d13C isotope excursion
known as the GICE event. Conodonts had diversity
peaks in the early Uhaku and early Kukruse stages, and then declined gradually through the
Late Ordovician. Conodonts exhibited constant
extinction and origination rates and their diversity decline is attributable to
higher extinction than origination rates. Interestingly, the fossil
preservation and recovery rate was highly variable and appears to exert a
strong influence on the observed biodiversity pattern.