Contemporary
Fluidized Bed Applications
After
the war, demand for gasoline to fuel automobiles continued to increase.
Today, more than 370 fluidized FCC units are in operation around the
world. The FCC capacity in the U.S. increased from 50 million gallons
per day in 1950 to over 210 million gallons per day in 1992. Over
the same time period, world capacity is over 460 million gallons per
day, up from 63 million gallons per day. As the demands for gasoline
volume and qualities have changed, the incorporation of new catalyst
technology in these versatile fluidized catalyst units has enabled
fuels manufacturers to provide cleaner burning gasolines.
Today
many chemical reactors use fluidized beds. For example, the commercial
synthesis of acrylonitrile, phthalic anhydride, aniline, maleic
anhydride, and a portion of the polymerization of ethylene (to polyethylene)
and propylene (to polypropylene) are all done in fluid bed reactors.
There are noncatalytic processes, such as ore roasting, coking,
combustion of coal and other solid fuels, as well as purely physical
processes such as drying and conveying of fine particle products
like flour, rice, and cement, which use the principles developed
for the fine-particle fluidized bed.
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